西方人在书面语里经常会使用分词结构,这也是英语中一种极为实用的句型结构,英文报纸杂志上触目皆是:
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
Dancing in all its forms cannot be excluded from the curriculum of all noble education: dancing with the feet,with ideas,with works,and ,need I add that one must also be able to dance with the pen.
How much more profitable for the independent mind,after the mere rudiments of education ,to range through a library at random,taking down books as the mother wit suggests! 从上面的例子我们不难看出,英文作者大都喜欢在他们的文章和语言表达中使用“分词结构”,因为这种结构可以使得描述加生动,加富有节奏感。同样地,对于参加雅思的考生来说,在写作中适当适量使用这种句型无疑可以提高写作的成绩。 这种分词结构实际上是把两句话合并成一个句子,只是其中一个句子省略主语,成为半句话(作为主句的状语)。这半句话视其含义置于主句的前面或后面。以下是通过分词结构把两个句子合并成一个句子的实例): 1) China'former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows. 2) Mao believed sparrows,were a pest and a nuisance. 两句并为一句的先决条件之一是主语相同;其次是这两句话的半句要补充或解释主句,主句为主,半句为从,这个主从关系必须确认。上面两句话符合这两个标准,因此我们可以合并为: 1) China's former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows,believing they were a pest and a nuisance. 2) Believing sparrows were a pest and a nuisance,China’s former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against them. 上面的两种形式都可以,即可以把分词结构放在主语的前面或者后面。以believing为首的分词结构告诉我们毛泽东向麻雀宣战的背景,宣战是主要含义,两者的从属关系不能混淆。 为了能让大家对于分词结构的运用有深入的了解,在这里将其用法进行了以下的划分:
(一)分词的独立主格结构 1.独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时,其作用分别相当于个时间、条件、原因状语从名句。表示伴随方式时,相当于一个并列句。如: Supper finished (=After supper was finished),we started to discuss the picnic. 吃完晚饭,我们开始讨论野餐的事。 All the tickets having been sold out (=As all the tickets having been sold out),we had to wait for the next week’s show. 所有的票都卖出去了,我们只好等着看下周的演出。 2.表示独立主格结构中的being常省略。如: The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛五结束,从群便涌到大街上。 Nobody (being) in,I didn’t enter the hall. 里面没有人,我没进大厅。 3.表示伴随方式的独立主格结构,有时可用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构来替换。如: He lay there thinking,his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head). 他双手放在头下,躺在那里思考着。 The river looks more beautiful,flowers and grass growing on both sides(=with flowers and grass growing on both sides). 这条河看上去加漂亮,因为两岸长满了鲜花和绿草。 with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常用的结构,其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等,在句中可作定语,也可作状语,表示原因、方式等。如: The children looked at us,with their eyes opening wide. 孩子们眼睛睁得大大地看着我。 I would miss the train,with no one to wake me up. 没人叫我,我会错过火车的。 The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard. 这条两河两岸长满鲜花和绿草正从我们校园穿过。 With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest. 考试结束了,我们有一段长长的时间可以休息。 4.有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如: generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking,judging from/by, considering,supposing,providing,provided等。如: Talking of the computer,I like it very much. 谈到电脑,我非常喜欢。 Considering the time,we have decided to start early tomorrow morning. 考虑到时间,我们已经决定明天一早出发。 在下篇中,将继续与广大考生探讨分词结构作状语时的具体应用。 (责任编辑:admin) |