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雅思听力题型中各类选择题相较于填空题让考生们头疼，在有限时间内选择题的审题量是重要原因之一。即便是单选题(一个问题和三个选项)大多数考生也很难在限定时间内完成阅读，对选项多则七个左右的多选题或是配对题是如此。因此，有必要对选项进行一定的简化，减少听力阅读负担。选项分类法，按照选项间的相似性或对立性对所给选项进行分类，能够缩小听力关注范围，提高听力准确性。下面南京雅思培训班老师将集中关注剑桥真题，从单选、多选和配对题三个方面展示选项分类法的应用。 1. 单选题 ① Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Q19 The number of students counseled by the service last year was A 214 B 240 C 2600 原文：… last academic year, in spite of staff cuts, we counseled two hundred and forty international students for a total of twenty-six hundred hours counseling… 该题可算是选项分类法 具代表性的例子，三个选项均为相对于文字而为直观的数字。稍具听力做题经验的同学都能很快确定这题考查的核心点是fourteen和forty，基于这样的对立性，便可将A、B 划分为一类，C为另一类。在这里需要重点指出的是，选项分类法绝对不是简单地将归为另一类的C选项排除，而只是说A、B选项有且只有一个选项存在，或是说将1/3的答案正确性提高到了1/2。其实，C项2600在原文也有出现，只是其修饰对象为hours，而不是题目中的关键词students，这才将它排除。 对于选项为文字的选题来说，就不能获取向数字一样直观的信息，所以必须通过对选项中的同义或是反义的表达的理解实现选项类别的划分。 ② Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Q16 Students should consult Glenda Roberts if A their general health is poor. B their diet is too strict. C they can’t eat the local food. 原文：You may also be off your food, or you may have dietary problems because the local food is not to your liking… 快速阅读选项，不难发现B项和C项的相似之处，diet 和food 同义，因此可将两者划为一类。 ③ Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2 Q19 The university accommodation officer will A send a list of agents for students to agents. B contact accommodation agencies for students. C ensure that students have suitable accommodation. 原文：… we have a full-time accommodation officer… will deal with the agencies on your behalf. A 项的表述可理解为“宿管员将房屋中介的信息给学生们，让学生自己去联系”，而B项传递的信息为“宿管员帮学生联系房屋中介，了解相关房屋信息。”这两者之间存在明显的对立性，可归为一类。 2. 多选题 ① Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2 Qs 11-12 What TWO advantages does the speaker say Rexford University has for the students he is s peaking to? A higher than average results in examinations B good transportation links with central London C near London Airport D special government funding E good links with local industry 原文：… there is I think at Rexford an excellent combination of physical and geographical advantages… Rexford is just 35 minutes from London Airport… have unusually close relationship with industry in the area. 多选题相对于单选题信息量大，难把握，但只要能发现选项间的联系就能简化选项。这题非常适合应用选项分类法，因为开篇句甚至就明确给出了划分的标准，地理优势和自身优势两方面： Physical advantages: A, D, E Geographical advantages: B, C 如果听力原文中并没有给出明确的有效信息，那就必须通过句意的理解确立选项划分的标准。 ② Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 3 Qs 28-30 Which THERE topics do this term’s study skills workshops cover? A An introduction to the Internet B How to carry out research for a dissertation C Making good use of the whole range of library services D Planning a dissertation E Standard requirements when writing a dissertation F Using the Internet when doing research G What books and technical resources are available in the library 原文：The first one’s resources … How to use the library’s resources… This term it’s finding research materials online…It’s a workshop on dissertations…how to write one? … 该题是典型的复杂长项选择题，在快速获取各选项的关键词后，就不难进行划分： Internet: A, F Dissertation: B, D, E Resources: C, G 3. 配对题 ① Cambridge 4 Test 1 Section 3 Qs 23-27 What recommendation does Dr Johnson make about the journal articles? A must read B useful C limited value D read first section E read research methods F read conclusion G don’t read Example: Anderson and Hawker: A Jackson: 23 _____________ Roberts: 24 _____________ Morris: 25 _____________ Cooper: 26_____________ Forster: 27_____________ 原文：… look at the part on research methodology…if it’s useful, I’ll try and read that one … I won’t bother with Morris…just look at the last part…It’s not bad and could be of some help, but not that much. 虽然已知信息貌似繁杂，但这题配对题也能很好体现选项分类法的优势。首先，从例子入手，A项 must read与之对应的即为G项 don’t read，于是对剩下的选项就有了清晰的分类思路。 Value: B, C Parts of articles: D, E, F 不是所有配对题都能恰好满足运用选项分类法的条件，选项中可能只有小部分存在内在联系，但这并不违背运用该解题方法简化选项、缩小范围、提高准确性的初衷。 ② Cambridge 7 Test 2 Section 4 Qs 37-40 Which statement applies to each of the following people who were interviewed by Shona? A gave false data B decided to stop participating C refused to tell Shona about their job D kept changing their mind about participating E became very angry with Shona F was worried about confidentiality People interviewed by Shona 37 a person interviewed in the street_____________ 38 an undergraduate at the university _____________ 39 a colleague in her apartment _______________ 40 a tutor in a foreign university ______________ 原文：…decided to pull out when it came to the second round; …wanted reassurance the no name would be traceable from the answers; …one minute he said he’d do it, then the next day he wouldn’t, and in the end he did do; …he wouldn’t tell me exactly what his work involved. 若依照上面已经论述的选项分类法的应用技巧分析该配对题的选项，就会发现很难将A 项与下面的某个选项归为一类，如果就此纠结只会浪费时间。必须跳出所谓的框架限制!决不能为了方法而方法。Participating: B, D; Emotion: C, E。F项也不能找到对应的同类项，但可确定关键词confidentiality。这样的分析也能获得清晰的解题思路。 后需要再次指出的是，不是所有选择题都可以或是只能适用选项分类法。该方法有其适用的特定条件，各选项必须存在明显或是隐含的相似性或是对立性，而且往往是在和其他方法，尤其是关键词的同义转换法，一起使用时才能快准的锁定正确答案。此外，选项分类法绝不是简单地将归为另一类的选项排除，而只是说归为一类的两个选项在听力原文中通常是有且只有一个存在，是一种隐性提高选择题的答案正确率的方法。 (责任编辑：admin) |
