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上周一共有2场考试，姐妹们都考的怎么样呢，下面南京朗阁的小编带大家回顾一下上周的考试吧，在备考的同学也要好好学习哦，如果有需要的话，可以报名南京朗阁的课程，现在暑假课程优惠多多哦。 P1 农耕方式的发展 P2 古代不同民族间的商品交流 P3 沟通冲突 (Communicating Styles and Conflict) 朗阁名师高川川点评 1. 本场考试的难度中等。P1回归常规的填空与判断题的搭配形式，较为简单。P2，P3均是过去出现的旧题，难度正常。 2. 整体分析：涉及农业类(P1)、社会类(P2，P3)。 本次考试P1只有填空题和判断题的搭配形式，定位难度和语言难度低，得分较为容易。无论什么分数段的同学，都应该重视此类基础篇章的得分。P2虽然之前考过，但是具体的题型和文章都没有详细的会议版本，不太能够确定具体的题目和题型搭配形式。P3再次出现List of Headings题型，并且加上判断题和单选的搭配，整体难度还行。此类题型在剑桥系列也有很多类似的搭配形式，剑桥系列做完吃透，此类篇章的处理会熟练很多。 3. 部分答案及参考文章： Passage 1：农耕方式的发展 题型：填空+判断 具体题目数量，文章详情和题目详情待确认 Passage 2：古代不同民族间的商品交易 具体题型搭配，题目数量，文章详情和题目详情待确认 Passage 3：沟通冲突 (Communicating Styles and Conflict) 题型：List of Headings+判断+单选 参考文章和题目： List of Headings i. Summarizing personality types ii. Combined styles for workplace iii. Physical explanation iv. A lively person who encourages v. Demanding and unsympathetic personality vi. Lazy and careless personality vii. The benefits of understanding communication styles viii. Cautious and caring ix. Factual and analytical personality x. Self-assessment determines one’s temperament 27. Section A iii 28. Section B vii 29. Section C i 30. Section D iv 31. Section E ix 32. Section F viii 33. Section G v 34. Section H ii Communicating Styles and Conflict Knowing your communication style and having a mix of styles on your team can provide a positive force for resolving conflict. Section A As far back as Hippocrates’ time (460-370 B. C.) people have tried to understand other people by characterizing them according to personality type or temperament. Hippocrates believed there were four different body fluids that influenced four basic types of temperament. His work was further developed 500 years later by Galen (130-200 A. D.). These days there are any number of self-assessment tools that relate to the basic descriptions developed by Galen, although we no longer believe the source to be the types of body fluid that dominate our systems. Section B The value in self-assessments that help determine personality style, learning styles, communication styles, conflict-handling styles, or other aspects of individuals is that they help depersonalize conflict in interpersonal relationships. The depersonalization occurs when you realize that others aren’t trying to be difficult, but they need different or more information than you do. They’re not intending to be rude; they are so focused on the task they forget about greeting people. They would like to work faster but not at the risk of damaging the relationships needed to get the job done. They understand there is a job to do, but it can only be done right with the appropriate information, which takes time to collect. When used appropriately, understanding communication styles can help resolve conflict on teams. Very rarely are conflicts true personality issues. Usually they are issues of style, information needs, or focus. Section C Hippocrates and later Galen determined there were four basic temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic and choleric. These descriptions were developed centuries ago and are still somewhat apt, although you could update the wording. In today’s world, they translate into the four fairly common communication styles described below: Section D The sanguine person would be the expressive or spirited style of communication. These people speak in pictures. They invest a lot of emotion and energy in their communication and often speak quickly, putting their whole body into it. They are easily sidetracked onto a story that may or may not illustrate the point they are trying to make. Because of their enthusiasm they are great team motivators. They are concerned about people and relationships. Their high levels of energy can come on strong at times and their focus is usually on the bigger picture, which means they sometimes miss the details or the proper order of things. These people find conflict or differences of opinion invigorating and love to engage in a spirited discussion. They love change and are constantly looking for new and exciting adventures. Section E The phlegmatic person — cool and persevering — translates into the technical or systematic communication style. This style of communication is focused on facts and technical details. Phlegmatic people have an orderly methodical way of approaching tasks, and their focus is very much on the task, not on the people, emotions, or concerns that the task may evoke. The focus is also more on the details necessary to accomplish a task. Sometimes the details overwhelm the big picture and focus needs to be brought back to the context of the task. People with this style think the facts should speak for themselves, and they are not as comfortable with conflict. They need time to adapt to change and need to understand both the logic of it and the steps involved. Section F The melancholic person who is softhearted and oriented toward doing things for others translates into the considerate or sympathetic communication style. A person with this communication style is focused on people and relationships. They are good listeners and do things for other people — sometimes to the detriment of getting things done for themselves. They want to solicit everyone’s opinion and make sure everyone is comfortable with whatever is required to get the job done. At times this focus on others can distract from the task at hand. Because they are so concerned with the needs of others and smoothing over issues, they do not like conflict. They believe that change threatens the status quo and tends to make people feel uneasy so people with this communication style, like phlegmatic people, need time to consider the changes in order to adapt to them. Section G The choleric temperament translates into the bold or direct style of communication. People with this style are brief in their communication — the fewer words the better. They are big picture thinkers and love to be involved in many things at once. They are focused on tasks and outcomes and often forget that the people involved in carrying out the tasks have needs. They don’t do detail work easily and as a result can often underestimate how much time it takes to achieve the task. Because they are so direct, they often seem forceful and can be very intimidating to others. They usually would welcome someone challenging them, but most other styles are afraid to do so. They also thrive on change, the more the better. Section H A well-functioning team should have all of these communication styles for true effectiveness. All teams need to focus on the task, and they need to take care of relationships in order to achieve those tasks. They need the big picture perspective or the context of their work, and they need the details to be identified and taken care of for success. We all have aspects of each style within us. Some of us can easily move from one style to another and adapt our style to the needs of the situation at hand — whether the focus is on tasks or relationships. For others, a dominant style is very evident, and it is more challenging to see the situation from the perspective of another style. The work environment can influence communication styles either by the type of work that is required or by the predominance of one style reflected in that environment. Some people use one style at work and another at home. The good news about communication styles is that we all have the ability to develop flexibility in our styles. The greater the flexibility we have, the more skilled we usually are at handling possible and actual conflicts. Usually it has to be relevant to us to do so, either because we think it is important or because there are incentives in our environment to encourage it. The key is that we have to want to become flexible with our communication style. As Henry Ford said, "Whether you think you can or you can’t, you’re right!” Questions 35-39 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 35. It is believed that sanguine people dislike variety. FALSE 36. Melancholic and phlegmatic people have similar characteristics. TRUE 37. Managers often select their best employees according to personality types. NOT GIVEN 38. It is possible to change one’s personality type. TRUE 39. Workplace environment can affect which communication style is most effective. TRUE Question 40 Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D. The writer believes using self-assessment tools can 选：B A. help to develop one’s personality. B. help to understand colleagues’ behavior. C. improve one’s relationship with the employer. D. directly resolve conflicts. 参考答案： 27. iii 28. vii 29. i 30. iv 31. ix 32. viii 33. v 34. ii 35. FALSE 36. TRUE 37. NOT GIVEN 38. TRUE 39. TRUE 40. B 考试预测 1. 五月的第三场考试，难度正常，搭配形式也回归常规，对于本次选择在加试这天的考试的考生来说是好消息。本次考试从现在回忆出的两篇文章搭配形式来看，并没有出现配对题。主要是填空，判断，单选和Heading的题型出现。但是本月的Heading题出题频率在本月尤其高，已经连续两次出现，所以后面备考的学生，也要重视此类题型的练习，多看段落结构分析和替换点的识别。下场考试，填空，判断，选择这三大基础题型必须重视，是主要得分点，也要重点预警配对题，毕竟有区分度的题目主要还是配对和Heading题。 2. 下场考试的话题可能有关社会类，动物类和农业类。 3. 重点浏览2014到2019年机经。 (责任编辑：jasmine) |
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