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2020年10月10日雅思阅读考题回顾

时间:2020-10-12 17:12来源:朗阁小编作者:jasmine

  又是新的一周了,10号又结束了一场雅思考试,本周的雅思考试同学们准备的怎么样了呢,下面先跟着南京朗阁小编回顾一下上周阅读真题吧,祝大家都考得高分哦。

  P1 Choice and happiness(14年6月真题)

  P2鸟类迁徙(16年8月旧题)

  P3 When people are deaf to music?(20年8月真题)

  朗阁教师樊天惠点评

  1. 本次考试难度偏简单。

  2. 整体分析:涉及生物类(P2)、心理类(P1)、生理类(P3)。

  本场考试3篇旧题,第三篇文章乐盲症更是完美复刻了才过去不久的8月29日的文章,正常考试总体难度不高,在被听力虐完之后可以算是平复心情,考官还是很人性的。第二篇文章鸟类迁徙也是我们的老朋友了,但凡是备考时间久一点,刷过几套机经的同学应该都做到过这篇。10月的第一场雅思阅读,平平淡淡才是真。

  3. 主要题型:配对题(12题)、填空题(11题)、判断题(10题)、选择题(7题)

  三篇文章都是经典的题型搭配。填空和判断都在两篇文章中出现,四种题型的数量分布也和这两年的考情趋势相吻合。P1简简单单:填空+配对,根据篇章结构选择做题顺序即可。P2为LOH搭配细节题,多选题为五选二,整体不难。P3是单选+句首句尾配对的经典搭配,外搭一个顺序细节题,属于经典高难度题型搭配之一。不过这样的题型搭配一般会是篇章顺序出题,正常顺序做题即可,主要难度在于单选题的段落理解,和句首句尾配对的定位。大家一定要在复习的过程中留心这两种题型的解决方法。

  4. 主要文章大意:

  第一篇文章是心理研究类话题文章,主要讲述选择和幸福感之间的关系,研究者根据人们做决策后的满意程度把人进行了分类。并揭示了幸福感和gene有关。

  第二篇生物学文章,讲述了鸟类迁徙的特征,原因,问题,研究及相关例子。

  第三篇文章讲解了失乐感症(amusia)是什么、有何缺陷。第三段讲解音乐能力和语言能力的关系;第四段失乐感和大脑组织的关系;最后阐释及作者对此研究的看法(skeptical)。

  5. 部分答案及参考文章:

  Passage 1: Choice and happiness

  题型:填空(7题左右)+判断(6题左右)

  参考文章:

  A Americans today choose among more options in more parts of life than has ever been possible before. To an extent, the opportunity to choose enhances our lives. It is only logical to think that if some choice is good, more is better; people who care about having infinite options will benefit from them, and those who do not can always just ignore the 273 versions of cereal they have never tried. Yet recent research strongly suggests that, psychologically, this assumption is wrong. Although some choice is undoubtedly better than none, more is not always better than less。

  B Recent research offers insight into why many people end up unhappy rather than pleased when their options expand. We began by making a distinction between "maximizers" (those who always aim to make the best possible choice) and "satisficers" (those who aim for "good enough," whether or not better selections might be out there)。

  C In particular, we composed a set of statements—the Maximization Scale—to diagnose people's propensity to maximize. Then we had several thousand people rate themselves from 1 to 7 (from "completely disagree" to "completely agree") on such statements as "I never settle for second best." We also evaluated their sense, of satisfaction with their decisions. We did not define a sharp cutoff to separate maximizers from satisficers, but in general, we think of individuals whose average scores are higher than 4 (the scale's midpoint) as maximizers and those whose scores are lower than the midpoint as satisficers. People who score highest on the test—the greatest maximizers—engage in more product comparisons than the lowest scorers, both before and after they make purchasing decisions, and they take longer to decide what to buy. When satisficers find an item that meets their standards, they stop looking. But maximizers exert enormous effort reading labels, checking out consumer magazines and trying new products. They also spend more time comparing their purchasing decisions with those of others。

  D We found that the greatest maximizers are the least happy with the fruits of their efforts. When they compare themselves with others, they get little pleasure from finding out that they did better and substantial dissatisfaction from finding out that they did worse. They are more prone to experiencing regret after a purchase, and if their acquisition disappoints them, their sense of well-being takes longer to recover. They also tend to brood or ruminate more than satisficers do。

  E Does it follow that maximizers are less happy in general than satisficers? We tested this by having people fill out a variety of questionnaires known to be reliable indicators of well-being. As might be expected, individuals with high maximization scores experienced less satisfaction with life and were less happy, less optimistic and more depressed than people with low maximization scores. Indeed, those with extreme maximization ratings had depression scores that placed them in the borderline clinical range。

  F Several factors explain why more choice is not always better than less, especially for maximizers. High among these are "opportunity costs." The quality of any given option cannot be assessed in isolation from its alternatives. One of the "costs" of making a selection is losing the opportunities that a different option would have afforded. Thus an opportunity cost of vacationing on the beach in Cape Cod might be missing the fabulous restaurants in the Napa Valley. If we assume that opportunity costs reduce the overall desirability of the most preferred choice, then the more alternatives there are, the deeper our sense of loss will be and the less satisfaction we will derive from our ultimate decision。

  G The problem of opportunity costs will be worse for a maximizer than for a satisficer. The latter's "good enough" philosophy can survive thoughts about opportunity costs. In addition, the "good enough" standard leads to much less searching and inspection of alternatives than the maximizer's "best" standard. With fewer choices under consideration, a person will have fewer opportunity costs to subtract。

  H Just as people feel sorrow about the opportunities they have forgone, they may also suffer regret about the option they settle on. My colleagues and I devised a scale to measure proneness to feeling regret, and we found that people with high sensitivity to regret are less happy, less satisfied with life, less optimistic and more depressed than those with low sensitivity. Not surprisingly, we also found that people with high regret sensitivity tend to be maximizers. Indeed, we think that worry over future regret is a major reason that individuals become maximizers. The only way to be sure you will not regret a decision is by making the best possible one. Unfortunately, the more options you have and the more opportunity costs you incur, the more likely you are to experience regret。

  I In a classic demonstration of the power of sunk costs, people were offered season subscriptions to a local theater company. Some were offered the tickets at full price and others at a discount. Then the researchers simply kept track of how often the ticket purchasers actually attended the plays over the course of the season. Full-price payers were more likely to show up at performances than discount payers. The reason for this, the investigators argued, was that the full-price payers would experience more regret if they did not use the tickets because not using the more costly tickets would constitute a bigger loss。

  J LESSONS

  Choose when to choose。

  We can decide to restrict our options when the decision is not crucial. For example, make a rule to visit no more than two stores when shopping for clothing。

  Learn to accept "good enough."

  Settle for a choice that meets your core requirements rather than searching for the elusive "best." Then stop thinking about it。

  Don't worry about what you're missing。

  Consciously limit how much you ponder the seemingly attractive features of options you reject. Teach yourself to focus on the positive parts of the selection you make。

  Control expectations。

  "Don't expect too much, and you won't be disappointed" is a clich. But that advice is sensible if you want to be more satisfied with life。

  参考答案待补充

  Passage 2:鸟类迁徙

  题型:LOH(7题)+多选(2题)+填空(4题)

  参考文章:

  A

  Birds have many unique design features that enable them to perform such amazing feats of endurance. They are equipped with lightweight, hollow bones, intricately designed feathers providing both lift and thrust for rapid flight, navigation systems superior to any that man has developed, and an ingenious heat conserving design that, among other things, concentrates all blood circulation beneath layers of warm, waterproof plumage, leaving them fit to face life in the harshest of climates. Their respiratory systems have to perform efficiently during sustained flights at altitude, so they have a system of extracting oxygen from their lungs that far exceeds that of any other animal. During the later stages of the summer breeding season, when food is plentiful, their bodies are able to accumulate considerable layers of fat, in order to provide sufficient energy for their long migratory flights.

  B

  The fundamental reason that birds migrate is to find adequate food during the winter months when it is in short supply. This particularly applies to birds that breed in the temperate and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, where food is abundant during the short growing season. Many species can tolerate cold temperatures if food is plentiful, but when food is not available they must migrate. However, intriguing questions remain.

  C

  One puzzling fact is that many birds journey much further than would be necessary just to find food and good weather. Nobody knows, for instance, why British swallows, which could presumably survive equally well if they spent the winter in equatorial Africa, instead fly several thousands of miles further to their preferred winter home in South Africa’s Cape Province. Another mystery involves the huge migrations performed by arctic terns and mudflat-feeding shorebirds that breed close to Polar Regions. In general, the further north a migrant species breeds, the further south it spends the winter. For arctic terns this necessitates an annual round trip of 25,000 miles. Yet, en route to their final destination in far-flung southern latitudes, all these individuals overfly other areas of seemingly suitable habitat spanning two hemispheres. While we may not fully understand birds’ reasons for going to particular places, we can marvel at their feats.

  D

  One of the greatest mysteries is how young birds know how to find the traditional wintering areas without parental guidance. Very few adults migrate with juveniles in tow, and youngsters may even have little or no inkling of their parents’ appearance. A familiar example is that of the cuckoo, which lays its eggs in another species’ nest and never encounters its young again. It is mind boggling to consider that, once raised by its host species, the young cuckoo makes it own way to ancestral wintering grounds in the tropics before returning single-handedly to northern Europe the next season to seek out a mate among its own kind. The obvious implication is that it inherits from its parents an inbuilt route map and direction-finding capability, as well as a mental image of what another cuckoo looks like. Yet nobody has the slightest idea as to how this is possible.

  E

  Mounting evidence has confirmed that birds use the positions of the sun and stars to obtain compass directions. They seem also to be able to detect the earth’s magnetic field, probably due to having minute crystals of magnetite in the region of their brains. However, true navigation also requires an awareness of position and time, especially when lost. Experiments have shown that after being taken thousands of miles over an unfamiliar landmass, birds are still capable of returning rapidly to nest sites. Such phenomenal powers are the product of computing a number of sophisticated cues, including an inborn map of the night sky and the pull of the earth’s magnetic field. How the birds use their ‘instruments’ remains unknown, but one thing is clear: they see the world with a superior sensory perception to ours. Most small birds migrate at night and take their direction from the position of the setting sun. However, as well as seeing the sun go down, they also seem to see the plane of polarized light caused by it, which calibrates their compass. Traveling at night provides other benefits. Daytime predators are avoided and the danger of dehydration due to flying for long periods in warm, sunlit skies is reduced. Furthermore, at night the air is generally cool and less turbulent and so conducive to sustained, stable flight.

  F

  Nevertheless, all journeys involve considerable risk, and part of the skill in arriving safely is setting off at the right time. This means accurate weather forecasting, and utilizing favorable winds. Birds are adept at both, and, in laboratory tests, some have been shown to detect the minute difference in barometric pressure between the floor and ceiling of a room. Often birds react to weather changes before there is any visible sign of them. Lapwings, which feed on grassland, flee west from the Netherlands to the British Isles, France and Spain at the onset of a cold snap. When the ground surface freezes the birds could starve. Yet they return to Holland ahead of a thaw, their arrival linked to a pressure change presaging an improvement in the weather.

  G

  In one instance a Welsh Manx shearwater carried to America and released was back in its burrow on Skokholm Island, off the Pembrokeshire coast, one day before a letter announcing its release! Conversely, each autumn a small number of North American birds are blown across the Atlantic by fast-moving westerly tail winds. Not only do they arrive safely in Europe, but, based on ringing evidence, some make it back to North America the following spring, after probably spending the winter with European migrants in sunny African climes.

  参考答案:

  14.iv

  15.v

  16.ii

  17.x

  18.vii

  19.i

  20.viii

  21.A

  22.C

  23. parental guidance

  24. compass

  25.predators

  26.visible

  Passage 3: When people are deaf to music?

  题型: 单选题(5题)+判断题(4题)+句首句尾配对(5题)

  参考文章待补充

  参考答案(不完整):

  选择5:

  27. What did author mention in the first paragraph?

  Some people suffer from amusia can play instrument well.

  28. What’s the purpose of second paragraph?

  Suggesting the disadvantages of amusia.

  29. What did author mention in third paragraph?

  People suffering from amusia can identify melody.

  30.What’s the connection between language ability and music ability?

  People who can not speak can sing songs well.

  31.What’s the author’s attitude toward Dr P’s research?

  Skeptical

  判断 4

  32. No. P教授的研究是convincing的。

  33. Yes. People suffer from amusia can identify sad music from happy music;

  34. No. amusia-handwriting患有失乐症的人字写得也丑。

  35. 待补充

  配对 5

  36. The reason why is—not yet to be understood

  37. The reaction of the brain of people with amusia —is marked.

  38. In culture, being good at music is — considered to be desirable.

  39. People who can not speak well—can identify the tone.

  40. 待补充

  考试预测

  1. 10月的第一场考试题型搭配比较常规,可以注意到的是,选择题考了很多,既有单选又有多选,下次考试可能不会考多选。本场考察了LOH题,报名了15号考试的同学建议把重点放在段落信息匹配题上,一定要好好准备,大概率会考。下场考试还有很大概率考到人名观点配对题。填空和判断作为逢场必考基础题型肯定是要牢牢掌握的。需要注意的是summary选词填空,也大概率会在10月接下来的考试中出现,加油!

  2. 下场考试的话题可能有关历史类,科学类,研究类。

  3. 重点浏览2012-2019年机经。

(责任编辑:jasmine)

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