gmat语法 逻辑主语要怎么找

解答gmat语法题的关键，就在于逻辑主语。

gmat语法考试，逻辑主语肿么找?

　　一、分词短语逻辑主语的判断

　　1、分词短语在句首作状语:逻辑主语=主句主语

　　2、ing分词短语在句尾:

　　1)在gmat语法中，表伴随动作/状态/功能,与句子谓语动作同时发生,逻辑主语=句子主语

　　2) 在gmat语法中，表伴随结果,整个句子是原因,导致分词动作产生,无逻辑主语.可以在分词前加thus/thereby/in effect/in fact等,也可以不加。

　　3)ed分词短语在句尾,一般优先就近作定语,修饰名词

　　4)ing分词和ed分词在句中：优先作定语修饰就近的名词

　　5)介词或介词短语+ing分词: in addition to/in/by/without/besides+doing…,句子

　　在句首,逻辑主语=句子主语

　　在句尾,逻辑主语可能是句子主语也可能不是

　　二、首字母是非谓语;发出者是后面句子的主语

　　doing…, SVO = S do

　　done…, SVO = S be done

　　Having done, SVO

　　三、例句：

　　1) coming home from school, the wind blew me off my bike.

　　不正确，Coming的动作发出者是风，不符合意思;

　　2) coming home from school, i was blown off my bike by the wind.

　　正确，Coming的动作发出者是我。

　　四、真题

　　例1：Although the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more than a year have declined.

　　A. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its

　　B. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales increased dramatically, its

　　C. many new restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales increased dramatically, the restaurant company’s

　　D. having recently added many new restaurants across the country and with its sales increasing dramatically, the restaurant company’s

　　E. recently adding many new restaurants across the country and having its sales increase dramatically, the restaurant company’s .

　　翻译：

　　尽管餐厅公司 近加了很多新餐厅在国家范围内并且新餐厅的销售增加的很厉害，他们超过一年的餐馆销售量下降了。

　　句式：

　　Although the restaurant company has recently added … and its sales have increased … , its sales … have declined.

　　思路：

　　看到and马上想到平行，然后看到D和E的逻辑主语。

　　选项：

　　A. 正确;

　　B. has recently added… and its sales increased时态不平行，发生在同一时间且不同主语的事情应该补全时态，并且前面是has，后面是have，则后面的have绝不可省

　　C. its指代模糊;many new restaurants have recently been opened没有体现出动作的发出者，使得句意含糊

　　D. having recently add的逻辑主语应该是the restaurant company，但本句成了the restaurant company’s sales;with伴随状语发生时间不定，根据伴随主句的原则，应该是与主句发生时间一致，错误;

　　E. adding与having逻辑主语成了sales错误;having adding变为adding，having had改为having，时态的改引起句意的不合理。

　　例2：

　　Though subject to the same wild-animal control efforts that killed off almost all the wolves in North America over the past century, the coyote’s amazing ability of adapting to the presence of humans has enabled it to expend its range into Alaska and Central America.

　　A. coyote’s amazing ability of adapting to the presence of humans has enabled it to expend its

　　B. coyote, because of its amazing ability of adapting to the presence of humans, have been able to expand their

　　C. coyote, because of its amazing ability to adapt to the presence of humans, has been able to expand its

　　D. amazing ability of the coyote to adapt to the presence of humans have enabled it to expand the

　　E. amazing ability of the coyote to adapt to the presence of humans has enabled it to expand the

　　翻译：

　　尽管遭遇了同样的几乎杀死北美所有狼的野生动物控制措施，coyote对适应人类存在令人吃惊的能力使它的范围扩展到了阿拉斯加州和中美洲。

　　句式：

　　Though subject to…, the coyote, because of sth., has been able to expand its range into…

　　思路：

　　找出句子主语，比较各选项的不同，注意代词的使用。

　　选项：

　　A. 逻辑主语应该是coyote，而不是coyote’s amazing ability。ability of doing 表示能力的特征，应该是有能力去干某事，用to do

　　B. have 应该是has，their和前面的its不对应

　　C. 正确

　　D. 逻辑主语应该是coyote，have 应该是has，ability和enable重复，均表示能力

　　E. 逻辑主语应该是coyote，ability和enable重复。